The power of non formal education power to the people

Influence differs from authority in having a number of sources in the organization, in being embedded in the actual relationship between groups rather than located in an abstract legal source, and is not fixed but is variable and operates through bargaining, manipulation, exchange and so forth. Hoyle (1982) points to the ways in which these two aspects of power operate within educational institutions: Leadership may arise in any part of the organization and relies on personal qualities and attributes. Heads and principals possess positional authority and have the formal power to impose their views.

Uncircumscribed, that is, its domain, scope, and legitimacy are typically ambiguous.ДЄs we noted in Chapter 1, formal authority is often associated with management while influence is the key dimension of leadership. Authority is circumscribed, that is, the domain, scope, and legitimacy of the power are specifically and clearly delimited influence is.The source of authority is solely structural the source of influence may be personal characteristics, expertise, or opportunity.Authority flows downward, and it is unidirectional influence is multidirectional and can flow upward, downward, or horizontally.Authority implies involuntary submission by subordinates influence implies voluntary submission and does not necessarily entail a.Therefore, not a matter of organizational rights. Authority refers to the formally sanctioned right to make final decisions influence is not sanctioned by the organization and is,.Authority is the formal aspect of power influence is the informal aspect.Authority is the static, structural aspect of power in organizations influence is the dynamic, tactical element.Bacharach and Lawler (1980: 44) identify seven distinctions between authority and influence: Influence represents an ability to affect outcomes and depends on personal characteristics and expertise. School heads and principals typically have substantial authority by virtue of their formal leadership positions. 'Authorities are defined essentially as the people who are entitled to make binding decisions' (Bolman and Deal, 1991: 193). Authority involves a legal right to make decisions which may be supported by sanctions. Authority is legitimate power which is vested in leaders within formal organizations. There are many sources of power, but in broad terms a distinction can be made between authority and influence. Where there is disagreement, it is likely to be resolved according to the relative resources of power available to the participants.

Power may be regarded as the ability to determine the behavior of others or to decide the outcomes of conflict. Rick NEXT: Looking at College Funding Models in 50 Years' Time Published by SAGE Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP. It is from Chapter 5, Political Models, in the book, Theories of Educational Leadership and Management, 4th edition, by Tony Bush. The posting below looks at the forms of power in education and the distinction between authority and influence.

The power of non formal education power to the people